In our Audio ABC, we offer you easy-to-understand glossary articles on key terms and topics from the world of hi-fi - compact, informative and ideal for deepening your knowledge of sound, technology and devices.
A
AAC stands for "Advanced Audio Coding" and is an audio compression format that offers good sound quality with a small file size. It is often used for music streaming, digital music downloads and in mobile devices. AAC makes it possible to enjoy music in high quality without taking up too much storage space.
The dispersion angle refers to the area in which sound is distributed from a source. A smaller dispersion angle means that the sound is directed in a narrower direction, while a larger dispersion angle allows for a wider distribution. The dispersion angle is important to control the spread and distribution of sound in a particular environment and to ensure that the sound reaches where it is desired.
An active speaker is a speaker that has a built-in amplifier. Unlike passive speakers, which require external amplification to produce sound, active speakers can be connected directly to an audio source. They offer the advantage of integrated amplification, resulting in simpler installation and fewer components. Active speakers are often used in home theater systems, studios and professional audio applications.
ALAC stands for "Apple Lossless Audio Codec" and is a lossless audio compression format developed by Apple. It enables audio files to be compressed without losing any information, resulting in sound quality that is true to the original. ALAC is widely supported by Apple devices and platforms such as iTunes and iOS, allowing users to store and play high-quality music files with less storage requirements. It is a popular choice for audiophiles and music lovers who prefer high sound quality.
AMT stands for "Air Motion Transformer" and is a type of tweeter used in loudspeakers. It is a special technology in which a foldable membrane with a large surface area is used to generate the sound. This design allows an AMT tweeter to reproduce high frequencies with high precision and low distortion. AMT tweeters are often used in high-end audio systems and offer detailed and natural sound reproduction.
In audio, analog means that the sound is transmitted as an electrical signal in a continuous waveform, similar to a sound wave. An example of analog sound is the playback of music from a record. The audio signal is stored in a continuous analog waveform through the grooves on the record. When the needle of the record player scans the grooves, the analog signal is converted into electrical pulses and sent to the amplifier, which amplifies the sound and sends it to the speakers. The sound that comes out of the speakers is a direct analog representation of the music stored on the record. Analog technology is often associated with a more natural sound as it retains the continuous waveform of the original signal.
aptX is an audio compression algorithm developed to enable high-quality wireless audio transmission. It reduces the data volume of audio files without significantly affecting the sound quality. aptX is often used in Bluetooth-enabled devices such as headphones, speakers and smartphones to enable improved sound reproduction via Bluetooth connections.
ARC stands for "Audio Return Channel" and is a function that is integrated into HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface). It enables the transmission of audio signals via the same HDMI cable that is used to connect audio and video devices. With ARC, you can transmit the sound from your TV to an external audio device such as an AV receiver or an All-In-One system without the need for a separate audio cable. This simplifies cabling and enables convenient audio playback.
The level of detail of a digital audio signal, often measured in bit depth and sampling rate. A higher resolution usually means a more precise and dynamic sound.
The output power refers to the electrical power emitted by a device or component, such as an amplifier or loudspeaker. It is measured in watts and indicates how much power the device can deliver to the connected speakers or headphones. A higher output power generally means a louder and more powerful sound reproduction.
AUX stands for "Auxiliary" and refers to an additional audio input or output on a device. It is a universal interface that makes it possible to connect external audio devices such as smartphones, MP3 players or laptops to other devices. The AUX connection usually uses a 3.5 mm jack plug or an RCA connection and enables the transmission of audio signals in stereo quality. AUX inputs are widely used and provide an easy way to connect external audio devices to other devices and play music or other audio files.
B
The balance refers to the distribution of the sound between the left and right audio channels. It makes it possible to either center the sound in the middle or shift it more to the left or right channel. A balanced balance means that the sound is evenly distributed between the channels, while an unbalanced balance leads to a stronger emphasis on one side. The balance setting is useful to ensure that the sound is reproduced evenly and symmetrically, especially with stereo audio sources.
Banana plugs are practical connectors for loudspeaker cables that enable a simple and secure connection. They have a banana-shaped metal sleeve that is open at one end and is connected to the end of the cable. At the other end there is a pin that is inserted into the corresponding connection. Banana plugs provide a simple and secure connection between speakers, amplifiers and other audio devices as they ensure a firm and reliable connection and allow easy installation.
In audio, a common abbreviation for frequency band, used to describe the range of audible frequencies that can be reproduced by an audio device. It is often measured in Hertz (Hz) and usually ranges from 20 Hz (low bass) to 20,000 Hz (high treble). An extended frequency band allows for wider sound reproduction and more detailed sound quality.
Bass refers to the lowest range of the audible sound spectrum. It is the low notes that give a piece of music or sound richness and depth. Bass is often produced by low-frequency instruments such as bass guitar, double bass or bass drum and can have both rhythmic and harmonic functions in music. A good bass provides a solid foundation and can significantly influence the sound of a piece of music or an audio recording.
A bass reflex box is a special type of loudspeaker enclosure designed to amplify and extend the bass range. It contains one or more tubular openings called bass reflex tubes or ports. These ports allow the speaker to move additional air and increase the bass level by specifically influencing the resonant frequency of the system.
The term "beats per minute" (BPM) refers to the number of musical beats per minute. It is a unit of measurement used to describe the tempo or speed of a piece of music. A higher BPM value indicates a faster tempo, while a lower value indicates a slower tempo. DJs and musicians use BPM to mix songs or select the appropriate tempo for their music.
Bi-amping is a technique in which a loudspeaker is operated with two separate amplifiers. The different frequency ranges of the audio signal are split and amplified separately. This enables more precise control over the individual frequency ranges and can lead to improved sound quality. However, bi-amping requires speakers that have the appropriate connections and internal crossovers.
Bi-wiring is a cabling method in which speakers are connected to the amplifier using two separate cables. The high and low frequency ranges of the loudspeaker are transmitted separately. This should enable improved sound quality and more precise reproduction.
The bit rate refers to the amount of data that is transmitted per second. It is often used to describe the quality of audio or video content. A higher bit rate usually means better quality, but also requires more storage space or bandwidth.
Bluetooth is a wireless communication technology that enables devices to exchange (audio) data with each other over short distances. It is often used to connect cell phones, speakers, headphones and other electronic devices. Bluetooth enables a convenient and wireless connection between different devices.
Enables wireless communication in two directions. A receiver can act as a transmitter at the same time, so that it can receive audio signals via Bluetooth and transmit them simultaneously, for example to Bluetooth headphones.
Hum refers to a low-frequency noise that is often perceived as a continuous buzzing or vibration. It can have various causes, such as electrical faults, earthing problems, mechanical vibrations or problems with audio sources. Humming can be annoying and in some cases may indicate an underlying technical problem.
A function in audio equipment that allows a specific component or part of the signal path to be bypassed in order to pass the signal directly without affecting it.
C
A CD, also known as a compact disc, is an optical data carrier that is used to store digital data. It has a high storage capacity and is often used to store music, videos and software. CDs can be played in CD players, computers and other devices.
CEC stands for Consumer Electronics Control and is a communication protocol that makes it possible to operate various electronic devices via a single control device. For example, it enables the control of televisions, Blu-ray players and audio systems with a single remote control. CEC facilitates operation and the exchange of information between devices, thus improving the user experience.
CEC stands for Consumer Electronics Control and is a communication protocol that makes it possible to operate various electronic devices via a single control device. For example, it enables the control of televisions, Blu-ray players and audio systems with a single remote control. CEC facilitates operation and the exchange of information between devices, thus improving the user experience.
The chassis is the body or frame of a loudspeaker that holds the drivers and ensures that the sound is reproduced in the best possible way.
Cinch is an audio and video connection system that is often used in home theater and hi-fi systems. It consists of plugs and sockets with color-coded cables that allow for easy connection. RCA connections are often used for analog signals such as stereo audio. RCA can be present as both signal input and output.
An efficient type of amplifier that uses digital circuitry. Class D amplifiers are known for their energy efficiency and compact design, but still offer high performance.
Phenomenon in which a signal exceeds the maximum value range and is distorted as a result. It occurs when the peak values of the signal exceed the range that the system can process. This can lead to undesirable distortion and loss of quality.
A type of cable used for both digital and analog audio transmissions. In the audio sector, it is often used to transmit digital signals between audio sources and receivers.
A component in loudspeakers that divides the audio frequency signal into different frequency ranges (e.g. highs, mids and lows) and transmits these to the corresponding drivers (tweeter, midrange, woofer).
The sonoro story began at IFA 2006 with the Cubo. The small sound miracle, available in many colors, thrilled visitors to the trade fair and was sold out before the last day of the event. Without the Cubo, the many successor products that inspire numerous audio and design enthusiasts today would probably not exist.
D
DAB stands for "Digital Audio Broadcasting" and is a digital transmission standard for radio signals. DAB+ is a further development of DAB and offers better sound quality and a larger selection of radio stations. With DAB/DAB+, radio stations can be received without noise and interference, similar to digital television.
The digital-to-analog converter is an electronic device that converts digital signals into analog signals. It is often used to convert digital audio data into analog audio signals that can be reproduced by loudspeakers. DACs are integrated in many devices such as smartphones, computers and audio equipment.
A parameter that describes the ratio of the impedance of the loudspeaker to the output impedance of the amplifier. A high damping factor means that the amplifier can control the loudspeaker better, especially at low frequencies.
Decibel (dB) is a unit of measurement used to measure loudness or sound pressure level in audio. It is a logarithmic scale that represents the ratio between two sound levels. An increase of 10 dB is perceived as a doubling of the volume, while a decrease of 10 dB is perceived as a halving of the volume.
In the audio context, "digital" refers to the fact that the sound is represented in the form of discrete numerical values (ones and zeros) rather than as a continuous analog waveform. This enables precise and lossless reproduction of the audio signal. Digitization allows audio files to be easily edited, transferred and stored.
Speakers that emit sound both to the front and to the rear. However, the rear sound is phase-shifted, which creates a diffuse sound reproduction and ensures a wider sound stage.
Drive system for turntables. With a direct drive, the platter is driven directly by a motor, resulting in precise and stable playback. In contrast, belt drives use a belt to rotate the platter.
A loudspeaker that emits sound directly in a specific direction without scattering or reflecting it. This results in precise and focused sound reproduction. Direct emitters are often used in hi-fi systems and home theater systems.
"Digital Living Network Alliance", a standard that makes it possible to connect different devices in a network and share media content such as music, videos and photos. DLNA-compatible devices can communicate with each other via WiFi or Ethernet and stream content seamlessly without the need for additional cables or configurations. It is a practical solution for transferring media content from one device to another and playing it on different devices in the home network.
"Dolby encompasses a range of technologies that enhance sound and provide realistic surround sound experiences, from simple 5.1 systems (Dolby Digital) to immersive 3D sound (Dolby Atmos).
"Special arrangement of loudspeakers (or subwoofers) in audio systems. These are positioned in such a way that the sound is radiated downwards. This can lead to improved bass reproduction, as the sound uses the floor to spread out and creates a stronger perception of low frequencies.
"Electronic component used in loudspeaker systems. It consists of three separate amplifiers that are responsible for reproducing different frequency ranges: Low frequencies, mid frequencies and high frequencies. By splitting the frequencies into separate amplifiers, a three-way driver can provide a more precise and detailed sound reproduction.
"Digital signal processor". Refers to a special microprocessor that is optimized for processing digital signals. DSPs are often used in audio devices, cell phones and other electronic devices to analyze, modify or generate signals. They enable efficient and precise processing of signals in real time. DSPs also enable effects, equalizer adjustments and room corrections.
E
The repetition or reflection of sound waves that hit a surface and are reflected back. It can lead to distortion or amplification of the sound. In audio technology, echo is often considered an undesirable effect and can be reduced by suitable sound absorption or sound insulation measures.
The calibration system uses a microphone to measure the acoustics of the room and optimizes the settings for the best possible sound reproduction.
A special type of loudspeaker that uses electrostatic drivers to generate sound. Electrostatic loudspeakers are known for their extremely precise and detailed reproduction, as they use a very thin, charged membrane to generate sound.
A measure of how much sound a speaker can produce for a given power (in watts), measured in decibels (dB). A speaker with a higher sensitivity requires less power to achieve the same volume as a speaker with a lower sensitivity.
The output stage, also known as the power amplifier, is the part of an amplifier that ensures that the audio signal is amplified to the power required to drive loudspeakers.
Technology used, for example, to decouple speakers from unwanted vibrations or resonances or to minimize them. Rubber dampers or special speaker stands are used to absorb vibration energy, which can otherwise have a negative effect on the sound.
Audio device or function used to adjust the sound quality. It allows the volume or frequency response of certain frequency ranges to be adjusted in order to optimize the sound. With an equalizer, treble, mid-range and bass can be individually adjusted to adapt the sound to personal preferences or the requirements of the music or audio material.
F
Automatic or manual reduction or increase of the volume in stages. A fade-in gradually increases the volume from quiet to loud, while a fade-out gradually reduces the volume from loud to quiet.
"Free Lossless Audio Codec, a lossless audio compression format. It allows audio files to be compressed without losing any information, resulting in sound quality that is true to the original. FLAC files are generally smaller than uncompressed audio files, but still offer high sound quality.
In audio technology, the slope describes how quickly a filter lowers the frequencies outside its defined range. A higher slope means greater separation between the frequency ranges, which is important for crossovers.
"Frequency Modulation", refers to a modulation method for transmitting audio signals via radio that provides better sound quality and less interference, as found in FM radio reception. It is a common method for broadcasting and provides good sound quality and immunity to interference. FM uses a carrier frequency whose amplitude remains constant while the frequency is varied to transmit the audio signal.
Range of audible or measurable frequencies in an audio signal. It is measured in Hertz (Hz) and usually ranges from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, which corresponds to the human hearing range. An extended frequency range can result in a more detailed sound reproduction, while a limited frequency range can result in a restricted sound spectrum.
Electronic component used to distribute different frequency ranges of an audio signal to different speakers. It separates the signal into different frequency ranges, such as low, medium and high frequencies, and forwards them to the corresponding speakers. This allows the speakers to work more efficiently and achieve better sound quality.
A type of loudspeaker designed to reproduce the entire audible frequency spectrum from low bass to high treble with a single driver. Full-range speakers are often used in smaller systems or as mobile speakers.
G
Gain refers to the amplification of an audio signal before it is passed on to the speakers or other processing units. However, this is not the actual volume control, but rather the control of the signal amplification at the beginning of the signal processing chain. A gain value that is too high can lead to distortion as the signal is overdriven.
Refers to the resonant frequency of a speaker cabinet. It is the point at which the body produces sound most efficiently. An optimal cabinet frequency can lead to improved bass response, while incorrect tuning can lead to unwanted resonance and distortion. The cabinet frequency is usually specified in Hertz (Hz) and can vary depending on the speaker design and size.
A special type of tweeter in which the cone is made of a flexible, woven material. These dome tweeters often offer a softer and more detailed high-frequency reproduction.
The resistance that a loudspeaker offers to the flowing direct current. The DC resistance influences the electrical power and can provide information on the efficiency and power handling of a loudspeaker.
The cut-off frequency is the point at which a loudspeaker or filter begins to attenuate the audio signal in order to achieve a clear separation between different frequency ranges.
Quiet, continuous noise that occurs in all audio devices, even if no signal is being played back. It is caused by electrical interference and thermal noise in the audio equipment. A low noise floor is desirable as it improves the sound quality and makes fine details audible.
H
The Haas effect, describes a psychoacoustic phenomenon in which the human ear perceives two similar sound events as one if the second signal arrives within about 40 milliseconds of the first. If two similar sound sources are played with a minimal time difference, the earlier source is perceived as the main source, while the later source only expands the sound spatially. This effect is often used in audio technology to create a wider and more spatial sound.
The reverberation radius is the point at which the direct sound and the reflected sound are equally strong, and it influences how clear or "washed out" the sound is perceived in a room.
"High Definition Multimedia Interface" is an interface for transmitting audio and video signals in high quality via a single cable. It is used to connect devices such as televisions, AV receivers, games consoles, Blu-ray players and computers.
Unit of measurement for the frequency of an oscillation or signal. It indicates how many oscillations occur per second. One Hertz corresponds to one oscillation per second.
HiFi, or high fidelity, means "high sound fidelity" and describes audio devices that reproduce music and sound recordings in the best possible quality and as faithfully as possible to the original. HiFi is often appreciated by audiophiles and music lovers who are looking for an immersive and detailed listening experience.
Special piece of furniture designed to organize and support audio equipment such as amplifiers, CD players and speakers. It provides a stable platform to safely place the equipment while allowing cable management. Increasingly replaced by All-In-One and smart receivers.
Music files that offer a higher sampling rate and bit depth than conventional audio CD format (44.1 kHz/16 bit). Typical Hi-Res audio formats include 96 kHz/24 bit or even 192 kHz/24 bit, resulting in a significantly higher sound quality. This results in a clearer and more realistic sound that comes closer to the original. However, such files also require many times more storage space.
Speaker driver specifically designed to reproduce high frequencies (typically between 2,000 Hz and 20,000 Hz). Tweeters are often used in combination with woofers to cover a wide frequency range and achieve a balanced sound reproduction.
A horn speaker is a type of speaker in which the sound is directed through a funnel-shaped horn to amplify and distribute the sound more efficiently. This design increases the sound pressure so that less amplifier power is required to achieve high volumes. Horn speakers are often used in professional sound reinforcement systems and PA systems to achieve high volume and good directivity.
Refers to the location of the listener in relation to the speakers. It can influence sound perception and quality. An optimal listening position, often referred to as the "sweet spot", enables balanced stereo imaging and a precise sound stage.
An amplifier that combines both tube technology and transistor technology to utilize the advantages of both systems. Tube amplifiers are known for their warm sound characteristics, while transistors provide reliability and efficiency.
I
A measure of the resistance experienced by an electric current in a circuit. It is measured in ohms and can influence the flow of alternating current. A low impedance allows for efficient current flow, while a high impedance can limit the current flow. Impedance is an important factor in matching devices such as loudspeakers to amplifiers or headphones to audio equipment.
The perception of sounds by both ears. Refers to the differences in sound transmission and perception between the left and right ear. These differences are used to capture spatial and directional information in sound.
Phenomenon in which two or more sound waves meet and influence each other. It can lead to amplification or attenuation of the sound, depending on the phase relationship of the waves. Interference occurs when the waves are in phase (constructive interference) or out of phase (destructive interference). This phenomenon can occur in various fields such as acoustics, optics and electrical engineering.
Allows access to a wide range of radio stations from all over the world via the Internet instead of traditional FM frequencies, regardless of geographical restrictions. Internet radio can be used via various devices such as computers, smartphones or special Internet radio receivers./div>
J
A widely used connector for analog audio signals, available in various sizes such as 6.35 mm, 3.5 mm and 2.5 mm. Jack plugs are often used for headphones, instruments and audio devices.
Unwanted temporal variation in the transmission of digital signals. It occurs when timing precision is disturbed and can lead to interference or distortion. Jitter can occur in various systems, such as audio playback or data transmission via networks.
K
A cone shape that is often used in tweeters. Dome tweeters have a dome-shaped cone and offer a wider sound distribution than cone speakers, especially for high frequencies.
The spatial representation of sounds in a stereo or multi-channel audio recording. It describes the ability of an audio system to create the impression that the sound sources are placed at different positions in the room. A good sound stage enables precise localization of instruments and an immersive listening experience.
The adjustment of the sound through the targeted adjustment of frequencies. This can be done using an equalizer or tone control that boosts or attenuates different frequency ranges. This allows treble, mid-range and bass frequencies to be adjusted in order to adapt the sound to individual preferences.
Characteristic sound of an audio device or a music production. It describes the specific characteristics of the sound, such as the emphasis on certain frequency ranges or the overall impression of the sound balance. The sound signature can vary from device to device or from recording to recording and has a significant influence on the perception and enjoyment of music.
Common audio connector that is often used for headphones, loudspeakers and other audio devices. It consists of a cylindrical metal plug with one or more contacts. The most common size is the 3.5 mm jack plug, which is often referred to as an AUX plug.
Speaker design in which the tweeter is placed in the center of the woofer. This creates a point source of sound, which can lead to a precise spatial representation of the sound. The coaxial driver enables a better integration of high and low frequencies and minimizes phase problems.
Electronic component that is often used for sound control. A capacitor stores electrical energy and is used in audio technology to filter signals and separate frequencies, for example in crossovers and amplifiers. It can be used to amplify or attenuate certain frequency ranges. The correct selection and placement of capacitors can influence sound colors and sound characteristics in a targeted manner.
A frequently used loudspeaker design in which the sound is generated by a cone-shaped membrane. The cone is usually made of a lightweight material such as paper or plastic and is connected to a voice coil. When the voice coil is moved by the applied current, the cone vibrates and generates sound waves that produce the sound. Cone speakers can be found in many audio devices such as hi-fi systems, loudspeakers and car radios.
L
The delay that occurs between the moment an audio signal is generated and the moment it is played back. Latency can occur in digital audio devices, especially during audio processing.
Technology in which the signal propagation times of loudspeakers are adjusted in order to achieve more precise sound reproduction. By delaying the signal for certain speakers, better spatial imaging and sound balance can be achieved. This can help to ensure that the sound from all speakers is perceived simultaneously and in a coordinated manner.
The electrical impedance of a loudspeaker, measured in ohms (Ω). It influences how much current the amplifier has to supply to drive the speaker. Common impedances are 4, 6 or 8 ohms.
Cables used to connect speakers to an amplifier or audio source. They transmit the electrical audio signal from the amplifier to the loudspeaker and thus enable sound reproduction. Speaker cables are available in different lengths and thicknesses and can have an impact on sound quality.
Audio device or function used to limit the signal to a certain level. It is used to prevent clipping and protect the signal from distortion. The limiter works by cutting or compressing the signal above a certain threshold to ensure that it does not exceed a set maximum level and therefore does not cause damage to the audio equipment.
Audio input used in various audio devices. It is an analog connection that uses a cable with RCA plugs to accept audio signals from external sources. The Line-In RCA enables high-quality transmission of audio signals for a wide range of applications.
Audio output that enables the transmission of high-quality audio signals to external devices such as speakers or recording devices. The RCA connection typically uses RCA plugs with red and white sockets for the right and left audio channels.
A filter that allows low frequencies (bass) to pass through and blocks high frequencies (treble). Often used in subwoofers to reproduce only the low frequencies.
M
Type of loudspeaker based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. They use a thin, lightweight membrane film that is moved by a magnetic field to generate sound. This technology enables precise and detailed sound reproduction with low distortion.
A moving coil cartridge for record players uses moving coils to generate an audio signal. It offers particularly precise sound reproduction, but is more expensive and requires special amplification.
Thin, flexible layer in loudspeakers that converts sound waves into mechanical vibrations. These vibrations then produce the sound we hear. The quality and properties of the membrane can have a major influence on the sound reproduction.
The moving iron cartridge of a record player uses a moving iron core to generate an audio signal. It offers a sound quality that lies between MM and MC cartridges.
"Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a communication protocol that enables electronic musical instruments to communicate with each other. It transfers information such as notes, tempo and control commands between devices. MIDI is often used to control and synchronize music production, recordings and live performances.
Speaker responsible for the reproduction of mid frequencies in an audio system. It is usually positioned between the tweeter and the woofer and ensures balanced sound reproduction. The midrange driver enables clear reproduction of voices and instruments in music.
Mid refers to the frequency range between bass and treble, typically between 250 Hz and 2,000 Hz. This range includes important sounds such as voices and many instruments.
Magnetic pickup used in record players. It uses a moving coil to convert the vibrations of the record into electrical signals. MM stands for moving magnet, as the magnet in the cartridge is movable and the coil is fixed.
Mono refers to the playback of audio via a single channel. Unlike stereo, which uses two channels, mono reproduces the same audio signal on all speakers.
A monoblock amplifier is an amplifier that is only designed for one audio channel (left or right). Two monoblock amplifiers are often used in stereo systems to operate the channels separately and more powerfully.
MP3 stands for "MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3" and is a common audio format for compressing music files without significantly impairing the sound quality. It enables high sound quality with a comparatively small file size, which makes it easier to store and transfer music. MP3 files can be played on various devices such as computers, smartphones and MP3 players.
Audio system that makes it possible to play music in different rooms at the same time. Multiple speakers can be linked together to provide seamless sound reproduction throughout the home. By using wireless technologies such as WiFi or Bluetooth, users can conveniently control music via an app or voice commands.
N
Sound that is still present in the room after the end of a sound signal. This is caused by reflections of the sound on the walls, floors and ceilings. Prolonged reverberation can lead to reduced speech intelligibility.
The reverberation time indicates how long it takes for the sound in a room to decrease by 60 dB after it has stopped. Influences the acoustics and clarity of the room.
The pressure with which the needle of a record player presses on the record. Correct adjustment of the stylus contact force is important to ensure good sound quality and to avoid damaging the record.
The maximum power that a speaker or amplifier can safely deliver over a longer period of time without being damaged. It is often specified in watts.
A neodymium drive uses powerful neodymium magnets to make speakers and headphones lighter and more powerful. This results in improved sound quality and higher efficiency
Very strong magnets used in audio devices such as loudspeakers and headphones to enable powerful and precise sound reproduction.
Low frequency describes low sounds in the range of 20 Hz to 300 Hz, which are perceived as bass and are amplified by subwoofers or other loudspeakers. Low frequencies can improve the listening experience in music and movies by creating vibrations and pressure.
A technology that reduces or eliminates unwanted ambient noise by generating sound waves in phase opposition. It is often used in headphones to provide a quiet listening experience.
O
The electrical resistance of a speaker or other component in an audio system. A lower ohm value means that the speaker requires more power from the amplifier, while a higher ohm value requires less power. Choosing the correct ohm value is important to ensure optimum performance and compatibility between audio components.
Smarthpone app, which can be used to control various sonoro devices. Simple setup, uncomplicated operation and personalization options turn your smartphone into a smart remote control.
Open Baffle is a speaker design without a body, where the sound is radiated both to the front and to the rear, resulting in an open and natural sound.
Interface that enables digital audio signals to be transmitted via light waves. The audio signal is encoded in the form of light pulses and transmitted via an optical cable. This input is often used with devices such as televisions, soundbars or AV receivers to receive high-quality digital sound from a source such as a DVD player or games console.
Connection cable that uses light signals instead of electrical signals. By using light signals, the optical cable can enable high-quality and interference-free transmission of audio data.
Portable TV voice amplifier from our faller brand. Amplifies dialog and filters out background noise so that people with hearing loss can enjoy watching TV again.
P
Speaker that does not have built-in amplification. It requires an external amplifier source to amplify and reproduce the audio signal. Passive speakers are often found in home theater and hi-fi systems.
The level indicates the volume or signal strength in an audio system and is often measured in decibels (dB). A correct level is important to avoid distortion and achieve a balanced sound.
Level stability is the ability of an audio device to handle high volumes without distortion or damage.
Temporal alignment of sound waves. If two or more sound sources are not in phase, the waves can amplify or cancel each other out, resulting in changes to the sound. Phase correction is important in order to create a balanced and precise sound image.
Phono refers to everything to do with the playback of records, including the weak signal from the turntable and the special pre-amplification required for correct playback.
Special audio cable used to connect record players to amplifiers or audio receivers. It transmits the weak electrical signal generated by the record needle to the audio system to reproduce the sound. Phono cables are often equipped with RCA plugs that allow for easy connection.
Device that amplifies the weak signal from a record player to make it suitable for further processing in an audio system. It also corrects the specific frequency response characteristics of vinyl records to enable correct playback.
A series of audio formats that are published regularly and can be streamed or downloaded via the internet. Podcasts cover a variety of topics, from news and education to entertainment and personal stories. They allow listeners the flexibility to listen to content when and where they want.
A preamplifier output on an amplifier or AV receiver that allows an external power amplifier or active speakers to be connected in order to increase performance or integrate additional audio components.
A device that amplifies weak input signals (e.g. from a microphone or record player) to a higher level before passing them on to the main amplifier.
An audio processor processes and modifies audio signals by adding effects such as reverb, equalizer or compression. It is used in studio recordings and live performances.
Q
Qobuz is a music streaming service known for its high-resolution audio formats and has been specially developed for music lovers and audiophiles.
An outdated multi-channel audio system that uses four channels to create a more spatial sound. It was the forerunner of modern surround sound systems.
A function used in modern audio devices to speed up the synchronization of audio signals between multiple devices. This function can be used in multi-room systems, for example.
Starting point for the playback of audio content. This can be various devices, such as a CD player, a record player or a music streaming service. The source device supplies the audio signal, which is then played back via the amplifier and speakers.
The cross-section of a cable determines its conductivity - the larger the cross-section, the better the signal can be transmitted, especially with longer cables.
A function used in modern audio devices to speed up the synchronization of audio signals between multiple devices. This function can be used in multi-room systems, for example.
R
Properties of a room that influence the sound. This includes aspects such as reverberation, reflections and absorption of sound waves. Good room acoustics are important in order to achieve clear and natural sound reproduction.
So-called standing waves that arise in a room and can influence the sound quality. They are caused by reflections of sound off the walls, ceilings and floors. Room modes can lead to unwanted resonances that can color the sound or make it uneven.
The signal-to-noise ratio is the ratio between the level of a desired audio signal and the level of background noise, measured in decibels (dB). A higher signal-to-noise ratio means better sound quality with less perceptible noise.
RCA is a standard for analog audio and video signals, often referred to as "cinch". These plugs and sockets are often used to connect audio components such as amplifiers, CD players and record players.
Frequency at which a system or object naturally vibrates most strongly. It is the frequency that can lead to increased resonance and increased volume. Knowing the resonant frequency is important to avoid unwanted distortion or damage to audio equipment.
Turntables with a belt drive use a belt to transfer the rotation from the motor to the playback device. The belt is tensioned around a drive pulley, which transfers the rotation to the turntable. This drive mechanism is often used to enable precise and low-vibration playback.
A toroidal transformer used in amplifiers and other audio equipment to provide a stable power supply with low electromagnetic interference. It helps to minimize mains hum and improve sound quality.
A type of amplifier that uses electron tubes to amplify audio signals. Tube amplifiers are popular with audiophiles as they are known for their warm and natural sound characteristics.
"Rotations per minute" stands for revolutions per minute and indicates the speed at which a turntable rotates. There are two common speeds for records: 33 1/3 RPM and 45 RPM. Depending on which speed is set, this influences the playback quality and the sound of the record.
S
The number of samples per second that are recorded when an audio signal is digitized. It is specified in Hertz (Hz) and determines the audio quality. Typical sampling rates are 44.1 kHz (CD quality) or 96 kHz (Hi-Res audio).
Mechanical vibrations between 16 Hz and 20 kHz, which propagate as a wave and are perceived by our ears as sound.
A measure of the loudness of a sound signal. It is measured in decibels (dB) and indicates how strong the sound pressure is compared to a reference value. A higher sound pressure level means a louder reproduction of the audio signal.
Generation and emission of sound waves by a sound source, such as a loudspeaker. It describes the ability of a device to generate sound and make it audible. The sound emission is often evaluated in relation to the sound quality and volume of an audio device.
Process of converting electrical signals into sound waves and vice versa. This is done with the help of loudspeakers, which convert electrical energy into sound energy, and microphones, which convert sound waves into electrical signals. This sound conversion enables the playback and recording of audio in various devices such as loudspeakers, headphones and recording devices.
A flexible membrane that connects the edge of a loudspeaker to the voice coil. It allows the cone to move and also serves as a seal. The surround influences the sound quality and frequency response of the speaker.
Electrical or digital transmission of audio information, either in analog or digital form.
A signal processor processes audio signals to optimize or modify them and is used in many audio devices and applications to control sound quality and effects.
Spatial arrangement of sound sources in a stereo or surround system that gives the listener the feeling that the sound is coming from different directions.
"Sony/Philips Digital Interface" is an interface for the electrical or optical transmission of audio signals. It is often used to transfer digital audio data between different devices such as CD players, DVD players and amplifiers. SPDIF enables lossless transmission of high-quality digital audio via optical or coaxial cables.
Spotify is a popular music streaming service that allows users to listen to millions of songs and podcasts online, create playlists and stream content on different devices.
Function that makes it possible to play music from the Spotify app on different devices. The output device itself accesses the server via WiFi . A smartphone, for example, then "only" serves as a remote control, but is not connected to the playback device itself. The advantages include better sound quality and a more stable connection.
The reproduction of sounds via two separate channels to create a spatial sound image. Different audio signals are distributed to the left and right speakers to create a wider sound stage. This enables a more realistic and immersive listening experience.
Arrangement of loudspeakers and listening position in a triangle to create a spatial sound image. The speakers are placed in front of the listener in an isosceles triangle. This arrangement enables a realistic reproduction of music and sound effects.
An amplifier that amplifies two channels (left and right) to reproduce stereo sound.
Transmission of music or other audio content via the Internet in real time. The data is played continuously without having to be downloaded first. Users can access a wide range of music tracks and albums and stream them directly via their devices without having to physically own them.
Speaker specially developed for the reproduction of low frequencies. It amplifies and reproduces the bass components in music or sound design. Subwoofers are often used in home theater systems, car audio systems and professional audio systems to produce powerful and precise bass.
The ideal listening area where the sound is at its best. It is the point at which the speaker position and the listening position are optimally matched to achieve a balanced sound reproduction. Away from the sweet spot, the sound can lose clarity and precision.
T
Analog storage medium for audio signals, which was widely used in the form of cassettes or tapes, especially in the past, and is valued for its warm sound.
A filter that allows low frequencies (bass) to pass and blocks high frequencies. It is often used in subwoofers to ensure that only low frequencies are reproduced.
Speaker responsible for reproducing low frequencies, especially the bass range. It consists of a membrane that is driven by a voice coil and generates the sound. Woofers are often used in combination with other speakers such as midrange speakers and tweeters to cover a complete frequency range.
The length of a sound wave, measured between two equal points of a sound wave. Low tones have long wavelengths, high tones have short wavelengths.
Device that converts sound waves into electrical signals. It is often used in record players to record the sound of vinyl records. The pickup consists of a needle that scans the grooves of the record and a coil that converts the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals. These signals can then be amplified and played back.
A part of a record player that guides the pickup over the record. The tonearm must be precisely balanced to enable the grooves to be scanned accurately.
A transistor is a component that is used to amplify audio signals and ensures clear and precise sound reproduction in many modern amplifiers.
A transistor integrated amplifier combines a preamplifier and power amplifier in one device and uses transistors to amplify audio signals and drive loudspeakers.
The crossover frequency is the frequency at which an audio signal is split in order to pass it on to the corresponding speaker drivers and ensures balanced sound reproduction across the entire frequency spectrum.
An electron tube with three connections that is used in tube amplifiers. Triodes are known for their warm and musical sound characteristics.
A device or component of a hi-fi system that receives radio waves and converts them into audible audio signals. There are tuners for FM, DAB and Internet radio.
U
The point at which the audio signal is transferred from one speaker (e.g. woofer) to another (e.g. tweeter) to enable balanced sound reproduction.
A distortion that occurs when an audio signal overloads an amplifier or other audio system, causing the signal to be distorted or cut off.
Frequency range in which an audio device is capable of reproducing sound. It is often specified as the range between the lowest and highest frequency that the device can reproduce. A wider frequency range enables a more detailed and complete sound reproduction.
The loss of signal quality during the transmission of audio. This can be caused by various factors such as cable attenuation, electrical interference or poor connections. A higher transmission loss leads to a lower sound quality and can result in distortion or a weaker signal.
Often used for wireless transmission of audio content. By using ultrasonic signals, audio data can be transmitted between devices without the need for cables or other physical connections. Ultrasonic transmission enables easy and convenient wireless audio playback in various applications such as speaker systems or headphones.
A type of audio connection in which the signal and ground are transmitted via two conductors, which is more susceptible to interference than a balanced connection. Examples are standard RCA or jack plug connections.
Smarthpone app, which can be used to control various older sonoro devices. Simple setup, uncomplicated operation and personalization options turn your smartphone into a smart remote control.
"Universal Plug and Play enables seamless communication and connection between different audio devices on a network. With UPnP, users can stream their music from various sources such as computers, mobile devices or network storage devices to UPnP-enabled audio devices.
A process in which the sampling rate of an audio signal is artificially increased in order to improve playback quality. Often used in digital audio players and DACs.
USB enables the direct connection of audio devices such as speakers, headphones or audio interfaces to a computer or other compatible devices. USB audio offers a practical and high-quality solution for the transmission of digital audio signals.
V
Contacts or plugs that are coated with a thin layer of gold. This gold plating serves to improve corrosion resistance and enable better signal transmission. A higher sound quality can be achieved thanks to the gold-plated connections.
A type of misconnection in which the positive and negative poles of a loudspeaker are reversed, which causes phase problems and can negatively affect the sound.
Used as a built-in component or as an external device, an amplifier increases the volume of an audio signal. It takes a weak input signal and amplifies it to pass it on to speakers or headphones. Amplifiers play an important role in improving sound quality and controlling volume in audio systems.
The classification of amplifier types (such as Class A, Class B, Class AB, Class D) based on their functionality and efficiency. Each class has specific advantages and disadvantages in terms of sound quality and energy consumption.
Unwanted changes to the sound. It occurs when the audio signal is distorted during recording, processing or playback. Can occur in the form of noise, clipping or discoloration.
A popular analog medium for records. Vinyl is known for its warm, natural sound reproduction and is appreciated by many audiophiles.
An amplifier that combines the functions of a preamplifier and a power amplifier in one device. It can process signals from different sources and drive the speakers directly.
The electrical voltage in audio devices is measured in volts and determines how much energy an audio signal has for amplification or playback.
Another name for the preamplifier that amplifies the weak input signal before it is passed on to the main amplifier.
Amplifies weak audio signals to line level, the "standard working level", to prepare them for the power amplifier stage. Often also performs control functions such as volume control and source selection.
W
Conversion of electrical signals into sound waves and vice versa. There are different types of transducers, such as loudspeakers, which convert electrical signals into sound, and microphones, which convert sound into electrical signals. These transducers are crucial for the recording, playback and transmission of audio.
Unit for measuring the power that an amplifier or loudspeaker can deliver, indicating how much energy can be processed or delivered to amplify the sound. There are two types of watts: RMS watts and peak watts. RMS watt is the continuous power that a device can deliver over a longer period of time, while peak watt is the maximum short-term power that a device can achieve.
A lossless audio format developed by Microsoft and IBM. WAV files store uncompressed audio data and offer very high sound quality.
The length of a sound wave, measured between two equal points of a sound wave. Low tones have long wavelengths, high tones have short wavelengths.
In audio technology, electrical resistance refers to the ability of a loudspeaker to limit the flow of current, measured in ohms. Resistance plays a role in matching the amplifier to the speaker to achieve the best possible performance.
Refers to the wireless transmission of audio signals via technologies such as Bluetooth, WiFi or radio to connect audio devices such as speakers or headphones without cables.
A woofer that is specially designed to reproduce low frequencies (bass). (Sub)woofers are an important component of loudspeaker systems that provide powerful bass reproduction.
X
Plug type that is primarily used in professional audio technology. It enables a safe and reliable connection between audio devices such as microphones, mixing consoles and loudspeakers. XLR connectors have three pins that are used for the transmission of audio signals: one for the microphone signal, one for the ground and one for the balanced audio signal.
Y
Cable that splits one connection into two or more connections. It is used to connect multiple audio devices to a single source, e.g. to connect two headphones to a laptop. The Y adapter makes it possible to distribute the audio signal to several devices simultaneously.
Z
A target curve refers to a predetermined frequency response curve that is used when tuning audio equipment to achieve a certain sound character.
Device used to distribute the audio signal to several zones or rooms. It enables independent control of the volume and sound quality in different zones. This allows different audio sources to be played simultaneously in different areas of a building.
Speaker in which two drivers, usually a tweeter and a woofer, reproduce the entire frequency range. This division allows two-way speakers to cover a wider frequency range and offer a more detailed sound reproduction.
Specific frequencies that are used in signal processing. They are used to modulate and filter the audio signal in order to reduce unwanted interference. By using intermediate frequencies, efficient and precise processing of the audio signal can be achieved.