Analog storage medium for audio signals, which was widely used in the form of cassettes or tapes, especially in the past, and is valued for its warm sound.

A filter that allows low frequencies (bass) to pass and blocks high frequencies. It is often used in subwoofers to ensure that only low frequencies are reproduced.

Speaker responsible for reproducing low frequencies, especially the bass range. It consists of a membrane that is driven by a voice coil and generates the sound. Woofers are often used in combination with other speakers such as midrange speakers and tweeters to cover a complete frequency range.

The length of a sound wave, measured between two equal points of a sound wave. Low tones have long wavelengths, high tones have short wavelengths.

Device that converts sound waves into electrical signals. It is often used in record players to record the sound of vinyl records. The pickup consists of a needle that scans the grooves of the record and a coil that converts the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals. These signals can then be amplified and played back.

A part of a record player that guides the pickup over the record. The tonearm must be precisely balanced to enable the grooves to be scanned accurately.

A transistor is a component that is used to amplify audio signals and ensures clear and precise sound reproduction in many modern amplifiers.

A transistor integrated amplifier combines a preamplifier and power amplifier in one device and uses transistors to amplify audio signals and drive loudspeakers.

The crossover frequency is the frequency at which an audio signal is split in order to pass it on to the corresponding speaker drivers and ensures balanced sound reproduction across the entire frequency spectrum.

An electron tube with three connections that is used in tube amplifiers. Triodes are known for their warm and musical sound characteristics.

A device or component of a hi-fi system that receives radio waves and converts them into audible audio signals. There are tuners for FM, DAB and Internet radio.